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Satiety hormones, including leptin, ghrelin, and peptide YY, regulate hunger and fullness signals to maintain energy balance. In obesity, these hormones often become imbalanced. Leptin, primarily released by fat cells, normally signals the brain to reduce appetite when energy stores are sufficient. However, many individuals with obesity experience leptin resistance, where the brain fails to respond to this signal, promoting overeating. Conversely, ghrelin, known as the "hunger hormone," may remain elevated, increasing appetite. Disruptions in these hormones can make weight management challenging, as they impact the body's ability to recognize satiety accurately. Understanding these hormone mechanisms can help in designing effective weight management interventions, aiming to restore a balanced hormonal response to hunger and fullness.
