For individuals with severe obesity, surgical intervention remains one of the most effective treatment options, with bariatric surgery: techniques, outcomes & long-term effects playing a crucial role in sustained weight loss and metabolic improvements. Various procedures, including gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, and adjustable gastric banding, alter digestive anatomy to promote satiety and reduce calorie absorption. Beyond weight reduction, bariatric surgery has been shown to improve type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and obstructive sleep apnea. However, potential risks such as nutritional deficiencies, surgical complications, and weight regain require careful post-operative management. Long-term success depends on patient adherence to dietary guidelines, regular physical activity, and psychological support. As surgical techniques continue to evolve, a focus on patient selection and post-surgical care ensures improved health outcomes and quality of life.