Chronic low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress are key drivers of metabolic dysfunction, highlighting the critical relationship between inflammation, oxidative stress & adipose tissue biology in obesity. Excess fat accumulation, particularly in visceral adipose tissue, triggers immune activation, leading to elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6. This inflammatory state contributes to insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, and increased cardiovascular risk. Oxidative stress further exacerbates metabolic disturbances by damaging cellular structures and impairing mitochondrial function. Additionally, adipose tissue is not just an energy reservoir but an active endocrine organ influencing systemic inflammation. Investigating these mechanisms has led to novel therapeutic targets aimed at reducing inflammation and improving metabolic health in obesity management.