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The endocrine system plays a fundamental role in regulating metabolism, and hormonal imbalances in obesity contribute to weight gain and metabolic dysfunction. Key hormones such as insulin, leptin, ghrelin, and cortisol influence appetite, energy expenditure, and fat storage. Leptin resistance, commonly observed in obesity, leads to impaired hunger regulation, while insulin resistance increases the risk of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Additionally, elevated cortisol levels due to chronic stress can promote fat accumulation, particularly in the abdominal region. Thyroid dysfunction further complicates weight management by slowing metabolism. Addressing hormonal imbalances through targeted treatments, including lifestyle modifications, hormone therapy, and emerging pharmacological agents, is crucial for improving metabolic health and achieving sustainable weight loss.
