Pharmacological interventions are increasingly becoming a critical component of obesity management, with anti-obesity drugs & emerging therapies offering new avenues for treatment. Traditional medications, such as appetite suppressants and fat absorption inhibitors, have demonstrated moderate efficacy but often come with side effects. Recently, GLP-1 receptor agonists and dual-hormone therapies have shown promising results in weight reduction by regulating appetite and glucose metabolism. Advances in gut microbiome-targeted treatments and gene-based therapies are also being explored for personalized obesity interventions. However, long-term safety and sustainability remain key concerns. Combining pharmacotherapy with lifestyle modifications enhances treatment outcomes, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive approach. Continued research and development of novel agents aim to address obesity at a molecular level, offering hope for more effective and sustainable weight loss solutions.