Obesity epidemiology studies the distribution, patterns, and causes of obesity in populations. Over recent decades, global obesity rates have surged due to factors such as sedentary lifestyles, the availability of calorie-dense foods, and genetic predispositions. Epidemiological research on obesity helps health professionals identify high-risk groups, assess the societal impact of obesity, and guide policy-making for health interventions. By understanding the complex causes and trends behind obesity, public health experts can design targeted prevention programs, promote healthier lifestyle choices, and encourage policy changes that address factors like food accessibility and physical activity. Such evidence-based approaches are critical to addressing the growing public health burden of obesity globally.