Gut peptides, such as ghrelin, leptin, and peptide YY, are essential hormones that regulate appetite, satiety, and metabolism. Ghrelin is often referred to as the “hunger hormone” because it stimulates appetite, while leptin signals the brain to reduce food intake once the body has enough energy stores. Peptide YY helps promote feelings of fullness after eating. In people with obesity, these hormone systems can become disrupted, leading to imbalances that contribute to overeating. For example, leptin resistance—where the brain becomes less responsive to leptin signals—can result in excessive hunger. Similarly, elevated ghrelin levels may increase appetite, making it difficult for individuals with obesity to regulate their food intake. These hormonal imbalances present opportunities for targeted treatments, such as medications that correct the signaling processes, offering potential therapies for obesity management.