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Obesity affects the regulation of appetite and satiety, often due to hormonal imbalances involving leptin and ghrelin—two key hormones responsible for signaling hunger and fullness. Leptin, which is produced by fat cells, typically suppresses appetite, while ghrelin stimulates it. In individuals with obesity, leptin resistance may occur, diminishing the brain’s response to satiety signals and leading to overeating. Additionally, high levels of ghrelin can persist even after eating, causing continuous hunger. This hormonal disruption can make it challenging to control calorie intake, reinforcing weight gain. Treatment approaches focusing on restoring hormonal balance, such as mindful eating and dietary modifications, may improve appetite control and support long-term weight management.
