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Adipokines, crucial signalling molecules secreted by adipose tissue, play a pivotal role in the regulation of various physiological processes, especially in childhood obesity. In obese children, adipose tissue undergoes alterations, leading to dysregulation in adipokine production. Leptin, a prominent adipokine, helps in appetite regulation and energy balance; however, in obesity, leptin resistance often develops, leading to increased hunger and decreased energy expenditure. Adiponectin, another vital adipokine, exhibits anti-inflammatory properties and is involved in insulin sensitivity. In childhood obesity, reduced adiponectin levels contribute to insulin resistance and metabolic complications. Additionally, pro-inflammatory adipokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-6 are elevated in obese children, contributing to chronic low-grade inflammation, which can lead to various health issues including cardiovascular problems and insulin resistance. The imbalance in adipokine secretion in childhood obesity not only impacts metabolic health but also influences immune function, cardiovascular health, and overall well-being. Understanding the intricate interplay of adipokines in childhood obesity is crucial for developing targeted interventions aimed at restoring adipokine balance, managing weight, and preventing associated health complications in affected children.
