Subcutaneous fat refers to the layer of adipose tissue found just beneath the skin. It serves multiple crucial functions in the body, such as insulation, cushioning, and energy storage. Comprising primarily adipocytes (fat cells), this fat layer provides thermal regulation by trapping heat and insulating the body against temperature changes. It acts as a protective cushion, shielding organs and tissues from external impact or injury. Subcutaneous fat also plays a role in hormone production and release, contributing to overall endocrine function within the body. Its distribution varies among individuals, with factors like genetics, age, hormones, and lifestyle influencing its amount and distribution. While essential for maintaining bodily functions, excessive subcutaneous fat can lead to obesity-related health issues like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and metabolic disorders. However, adequate levels are essential for normal physiological functioning. Measuring subcutaneous fat often involves methods like skinfold calipers, DEXA scans, or imaging techniques. Understanding its role helps in comprehending its significance in health, metabolism, and overall well-being.