Abstract:
Obesity is a major global public health challenge and a primary driver of metabolic disorders, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The rising prevalence of obesity has contributed significantly to the global diabetes epidemic, especially in low- and middle-income countries where health systems face increasing strain. This presentation examines the interrelationship between obesity, metabolic dysregulation, and T2DM, highlighting the importance of integrated weight management strategies from both clinical and public health perspectives.
Obesity-induced insulin resistance is mediated through complex mechanisms including chronic low-grade inflammation, adipose tissue dysfunction, altered lipid metabolism, and hormonal imbalance. Excess adiposity contributes to metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, all of which increase the risk of diabetes-related morbidity and mortality. Evidence increasingly supports the role of early weight management interventions in preventing or delaying the onset of T2DM and improving metabolic outcomes among high-risk populations.
Drawing on clinical experience in nursing and midwifery as well as public health management training, this presentation emphasizes the role of multidisciplinary and community-based approaches to obesity prevention. Lifestyle interventions—including nutrition education, physical activity promotion, maternal health optimization, and behavioral modification—remain central to sustainable weight management. In addition, emerging pharmacological therapies for obesity and diabetes, such as GLP-1 receptor agonists, demonstrate promising outcomes in weight reduction and metabolic control when combined with lifestyle strategies.
The presentation further highlights the importance of maternal and early-life interventions, recognizing obesity and metabolic risk as intergenerational challenges. Nurses, midwives, and public health professionals play a critical role in prevention, patient education, and long-term weight management support. In conclusion, addressing obesity as the root cause of metabolic disorders through integrated clinical and public health strategies is essential to reducing the global burden of diabetes and improving population health outcomes.
