Abstract:
Background: Childhood obesity is a global health challenge associated with numerous comorbidities. While metabolic and cardiovascular risks are well-documented, its impact on musculoskeletal health, particularly postural development, requires further attention. This study investigates the association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and specific postural abnormalities in school-aged children.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 305 sixth-grade students (mean age: 12.1±0.3 years) from Shenyang, China. Body composition was measured using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer (OMRON InBody). Postural abnormalities, including uneven shoulders, pelvic tilt, and scoliosis, were assessed using standardized clinical protocols from the Testing Indicators and Methods for Abnormal Body Posture in Children and Adolescents (2022). Test-retest reliability was excellent (overall mean R=0.861, p<0.001). Participants were categorized by BMI percentiles per national standards. Statistical analysis included correlation and group comparison tests.
Results: The prevalence of postural abnormalities was significantly higher in overweight/obese children compared to their normal-weight peers. Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive association between BMI and overall postural deviation (R=0.484, p<0.01). Significant correlations were also found between BMI and specific abnormalities: uneven shoulders (R=0.320, p<0.01), pelvic tilt (R=0.207, p<0.01), and scoliosis (R=0.313, p<0.01).
Conclusion: Elevated BMI is a significant correlate of poor postural health in children, suggesting that excess body weight imposes biomechanical stress leading to compensatory postural deviations. These findings position musculoskeletal postural disorders as a notable comorbidity of childhood obesity. We recommend integrating routine postural screening into pediatric weight management programs. Early identification coupled with targeted interventions, such as posture-corrective exercises within physical activity regimens, is crucial for mitigating long-term musculoskeletal risks and promoting holistic health in children affected by obesity.
