Abstract:
Introduction: Obesity is a major health issue in the U.S. and worldwide, having more than doubled in over 70 countries since 1980. High body mass index (BMI) is a leading cause of mortality, contributing to diseases like heart disease, diabetes, and certain cancers. Healthcare professionals should establish effective strategies to manage obesity, especially for patients who have undergone bariatric surgery, as they are prone to regaining weight.
Methodology: A literature review used the PICO search strategy to address the problem. Four major databases were extensively searched: CINAHL, EMBASE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library. Peer-reviewed articles published between 2017 and 2024 written in English were selected for the review. The PICO question asks surgical patients what are the best practices for weight loss maintenance after bariatric surgery.
Results: Twenty-five primary research studies were critically appraised and reviewed, and 15 that met the criteria were selected. Our analysis found that a combination of the 5As framework and the USDA MyPlate nutrition program was effective. The 5As—Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange—provide an evidence-based framework to encourage patients to adopt healthy behavior changes. In comparison, the USDA MyPlate guidelines promote balanced eating of the food groups recommended portion sizes on the plate. Most studies demonstrate the 5As framework significantly helped patients avoid weight gain after bariatric surgery.
Conclusions and Further Recommendations: The literature review suggests pairing the 5As framework with national dietary and physical activity guidelines can promote healthy weight maintenance after bariatric surgery. Healthcare providers should actively involve patients in comprehensive weight management programs with physical activity and dietary guidance. As we advance, future research should explore enhancing these approaches, possibly incorporating new technologies and personalizing plans to meet individual patients' needs.
Keywords: Postoperative, bariatric surgery, obesity, weight management, 5As program.
Audience take away notes:
1. Nutritional Guidance using USDA MyPlate:
- The audience will learn how to use the USDA MyPlate guidelines to create balanced and sustainable meal plans for bariatric patients in the outpatient setting.
- They will understand the importance of nutritional education for weight maintenance.
2. Implementing Behavioral Change Techniques:
- The audience will gain insights into the practical application of the 5As approach (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange) in clinical settings.
- They will learn to structure initial consultations and follow-ups to promote lasting patient behavioral changes.
3. Integrating Physical Activity and Dietary Changes:
- The audience will learn the importance of combining physical activity with dietary changes for long-term weight management.
- They will be provided with strategies to motivate and support patients in maintaining an active lifestyle.
